![]() Much of his work in mathematical modelling of chemical processes can be thought of as early computational chemistry. He examined the electromagnetic theory of light of James Clerk Maxwell, introduced the concept of electromagnetic mass of a charged particle, and demonstrated that a moving charged body would apparently increase in mass. Thomson published a number of papers addressing both mathematical and experimental issues of electromagnetism. In addition, Thomson's son ( George Paget Thomson) won the 1937 Nobel Prize in physics for proving the wave-like properties of electrons. In addition to Thomson himself, six of his research assistants ( Charles Glover Barkla, Niels Bohr, Max Born, William Henry Bragg, Owen Willans Richardson and Charles Thomson Rees Wilson) won Nobel Prizes in physics, and two ( Francis William Aston and Ernest Rutherford) won Nobel prizes in chemistry. One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who later succeeded him as Cavendish Professor of Physics. One of Thomson's greatest contributions to modern science was in his role as a highly gifted teacher. Joseph John Thomson died on 30 August 1940 his ashes rest in Westminster Abbey, near the graves of Sir Isaac Newton and his former student, Ernest Rutherford. In 1918 he became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until his death. In 1914 he gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The atomic theory". He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906, "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases." He was knighted in 1908 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1912. ![]() Thomson was known for his work as a mathematician, where he was recognized as an exceptional talent. The appointment caused considerable surprise, given that candidates such as Osborne Reynolds or Richard Glazebrook were older and more experienced in laboratory work. On 22 December 1884 Thomson was appointed Cavendish Professor of Physics at the University of Cambridge. ![]() ![]() Thomson received his Master of Arts degree (with Adams Prize) in 1883. In 1880 he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics (Second Wrangler in the Tripos and 2nd Smith's Prize) He applied for and became a Fellow of Trinity College in 1881. He moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1876. His parents planned to enroll him as an apprentice engineer to Sharp-Stewart & Co, a locomotive manufacturer, but these plans were cut short when his father died in 1873. In 1870 he was admitted to Owens College in Manchester (now University of Manchester) at the unusually young age of 14. His early education was in small private schools where he demonstrated outstanding talent and interest in science. Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles, which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for their charge-to-mass ratio. Sir Joseph John Thomson 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940 was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle. Thomson is the father of Nobel laureate George Paget Thomson.
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